(cone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period
most are substantial trees
includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian) )
Coniferopsida, class Coniferopsida, Coniferophytina, subdivision Coniferophytina, Coniferophyta